Fluid dispenser

ABSTRACT

A fluid dispensing device is provided for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism. The device includes a rigid fluid reservoir closed by a septum for use in a fluid dispensing device for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism, wherein the device has a main housing enclosing the operative components of the device, the said fluid reservoir located within the main housing, an injection assembly including a needle, and a trigger mechanism. The needle has a first end adapted to piercing the septum and pushing the septum into the reservoir so that the septum acts as a piston, expelling the fluid through the needle, and a second end adapted to injecting the fluid into the living organism.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/235,107, filed Jan. 27, 2014, which is the National Stage of International Application PCT/US2012/048044, filed Jul. 25, 2012, which claims benefit under 35 USC § 119(a), to U.S. Provisional Application 61/576,405, filed Dec. 16, 2011, U.S. Provisional Application 61/511,321, filed Jul. 25, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Application 62/511,361 of the same applicant, entitled MEDICAL INJECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD, filed May 26, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto.

COPYRIGHT & LEGAL NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. Further, no reference to third party patents or articles made herein is to be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such material by virtue of prior invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to fluid dispensers and in particular to fluid dispensers for dispensing a measured amount of fluids, optionally incorporating medicine, into a living organism in a controlled and automated manner.

Prior art devices that are capable of injecting a fluid in a living organism upon a trigger event are cumbersome and bulky, requiring significant or dedicated space, lack accuracy or are too costly for many users. For instance, the infusion set described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,879,010 to Hunn et al, the contents of the specific detailed technical description of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto, describes a conventional auto-injector in which the needle and injection/retraction mechanism extend perpendicularly from the skin of the patient, thereby creating a bulky and unattractive artificial appendage to the living organism. Further, although Hunn et al describe an adhesive pad, it is not envisioned that such will be adhered to a patient more than the required time to administer the dosage and then removed.

US Publication no 2012/0022499 to Anderson et al, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto, describes a low-profile device which essentially uses a conventional fluid reservoir, and further has a needle connected to such reservoir via a cannula. Note however the profile height of this device is defined by being at least the length of a needle, given that the needle enters orthogonally to the skin of the living organism being treated.

What is needed is a fluid dispenser that provides an automatic injection of a drug in a living organism upon a trigger event and yet remains simple and highly compact.

What is needed is an automatic injection that may be ordered remotely to the living organism.

What is needed is a fluid dispenser adapted to be left on the living organism many hours, even days, available in the event that such is needed.

What is needed is a fluid dispenser whose profile is not, as a minimum, the depth of penetration of the needle used in the injection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A fluid dispensing device is provided for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism. The device includes a rigid fluid reservoir closed by a septum for use in a fluid dispensing device for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism, wherein the device has a main housing enclosing the operative components of the device, the said fluid reservoir located within the main housing, an injection assembly including a needle, and a trigger mechanism. The needle has a first end adapted to piercing the septum and pushing the septum into the reservoir so that the septum acts as a piston, expelling the fluid through the needle, and a second end adapted to injecting the fluid into the living organism.

In one embodiment, the needle is adapted for interfacing, on the first end, with a septum of a flexible hollow membrane, and at a second end thereof, for subcutaneously inserting into a living organism. The needle is guided by a guide to permit an injection into the living organism at a substantially non-orthogonal angle with respect to a surface of the living organism. The first and second ends of the needle pierce their respective piercing surface while translating together in a common direction. In other embodiments, the dispensing device includes a main housing, a flexible fluid reservoir, an injection assembly and a trigger mechanism. The main housing houses the operative components of the device. The flexible fluid reservoir is located inside the main housing, and encloses a fluid reservoir. The injection assembly has a needle which is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir. The trigger mechanism triggers the injection assembly to release the needle to inject fluid into the living organism.

The fluid dispensing device is retained (via the user, an elastic band or an adhesive or adhesive pad) against the skin of the living organism and may be manually, automatically or remotely actuated to inject a fluid into the living organism.

In one embodiment, a fluid dispensing device is provided for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism, wherein the device has a main housing the operative components of the device, a fluid reservoir located within the main housing, an injection assembly including a needle, and a trigger mechanism. The needle has a first end and a second end and is adapted for interfacing, on the first end, with a septum and a septum stop disposed in a reservoir, and at a second end thereof, for subcutaneously inserting into a living organism. The needle is guided by a guide to permit an injection into the living organism at a substantially non-orthogonal angle with respect to a surface of the living organism. The first and second ends of the needle piercing their respective piercing surface while translating together in a common direction. Once the septum is pierced, the needle is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and further translation of the septum, which acts as a piston, expels the fluid through the needle. When the needle lodges into a second piston-like septum, a barb ensures that the needle, upon retraction, remains lodged in the second septum as the septum stop, the septum and the needle translate together to an opposite end of the reservoir as the needle retracts from the skin.

In another embodiment, the fluid dispensing device includes a rigid fluid reservoir closed by a septum which can be used as a piston in a fluid dispensing device for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism. The device has a main housing enclosing the operative components of the device, a fluid reservoir located within the main housing, an injection assembly including a needle, and a trigger mechanism. The needle has a first end adapted to piercing the septum and pushing the septum into the reservoir so that the septum acts as a piston, expelling the fluid through the needle and a second end adapted to inject the fluid into the living organism. The trigger mechanism triggers the injection assembly to release the needle to inject fluid into the living organism.

In still another embodiment, the fluid dispensing device is retained (via the user, an elastic band or an adhesive or adhesive pad) against the skin of the living organism and may be manually, automatically or remotely actuated to inject a fluid into the living organism.

An object of the invention is to provide a fluid dispenser which takes up minimal space.

Another object of the invention is to provide a compact fluid dispenser which adapts to requirements which are not readily provided by prior art fluid dispensers, such as wearing on a wrist, ankles, a head or around or along some part of human body, or on objects such as clothes and sporting articles.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the fluid dispenser of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional side view of the fluid dispenser of the invention.

FIG. 3A is a schematic cross sectional view of a second alternate embodiment of the fluid reservoir of the invention, in a first position.

FIG. 3B is a schematic cross sectional view of the second alternate embodiment of FIG. 3A, in a second position.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the fluid reservoir of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an enclosure for the fluid dispenser of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second enclosure for the fluid dispenser of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a third enclosure for the fluid dispenser of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an initialization method of the invention, performed by a user or medical professional.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method of the invention executed by the fluid injector.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a fourth alternate embodiment of the invention, with a modular, remote triggering device of the invention.

FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view of a fifth alternate embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 11B and FIG. 11C are progressive, partial cross section views of the fifth alternate embodiment of FIG. 11A, showing the progress of the needle during an injection cycle.

FIG. 11D is a perspective view of a holder for the fifth alternate embodiment of FIG. 11A.

FIG. 11E is a perspective view of a remote actuation device for use with the invention.

FIG. 12A is a perspective view of a sixth alternate embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12B is a second perspective view of the sixth alternate embodiment of the invention, showing removal of a safety lock.

FIG. 12C is a third perspective view of the sixth alternate embodiment of the invention, showing actuation of the device.

FIG. 12D is a cut-away view of the sixth alternate embodiment of the invention, just prior to actuation.

FIG. 12E is the cut-away view of FIG. 12D, but with the push button structure shown with hidden lines.

FIG. 12F is a close-up, cut-away view of the sixth alternate embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12G is a further close-up, cutaway view of the sixth alternate embodiment of the invention, showing further motion in the mechanism.

FIG. 13A is a perspective view of a seventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13B is a perspective, partially transparent view of the seventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13C is a perspective, partially transparent view of the seventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13D is a cross sectional view of the seventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13E is a partial perspective view of the seventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13F is a perspective view of the seventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13G is a perspective view of the seventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14A is a perspective view of an eighth alternate embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14B is a second perspective view of the eighth alternate embodiment of the invention, from the underside.

FIG. 14C is a perspective view of the eighth alternate embodiment of the invention in which a covering is transparent.

FIG. 14D is a perspective view of a progressive movement of the mechanism of the eighth alternate embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14E is a perspective view of a further progressive movement of the mechanism of the eighth alternate embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14F is a perspective view of a further progressive movement of the mechanism of the eighth alternate embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14G is a perspective view of a progressive movement of the mechanism of the eighth alternate embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14H is a perspective view of a further progressive movement of the mechanism of the eighth alternate embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of a ninth alternate embodiment of the invention, in which the mechanism is inclined with respect to the surface of the skin, allowing for a straight needle.

FIG. 16A is a schematic side view of an alternate embodiment of the fluid reservoir of the invention having a septum-like stop or plug.

FIG. 16B is a further progression of the fluid reservoir of FIG. 16A during operation of the invention.

FIG. 16C is a further progression of the fluid reservoir of FIG. 16A during operation of the invention.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart of a method of the invention.

FIG. 18 is a flow chart of an alternate method of the invention.

FIG. 19A is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the membrane of the invention.

FIG. 19B is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the membrane of the invention. FIG. 19C is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the membrane of the invention.

FIG. 19D is a cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the membrane of the invention.

FIG. 20 is a schematic representation of the injection process of the invention.

FIG. 21A to 21D is a schematic progression of an injection performed using the invention showing needle deformation during injection and retraction.

FIG. 22A is a cross-section view of the first embodiment illustrating phase 1 of the use of the device of the invention.

FIG. 22B is a cross-section view of the first embodiment illustrating phase 2 of the use of the device of the invention.

FIG. 22C is a cross-section view of the first embodiment illustrating phase 3 of the use of the device of the invention.

FIG. 22D is a cross-section view of the first embodiment illustrating phase 4 of the use of the device of the invention.

FIG. 22E is a cross-section view of the first embodiment illustrating phase 5 of the use of the device of the invention.

FIG. 22F is a cross-section view of the first embodiment illustrating phase 6 of the use of the device of the invention.

FIG. 23A is a cross-section view of the injectable fluid reservoir of the first embodiment.

FIG. 23B is a cross-section view of the second embodiment illustrating step 1 of its use.

FIG. 23C is a cross-section view of the second embodiment illustrating step 2 of its use.

FIG. 23D is a cross-section view of the second embodiment illustrating step 3 of its use.

FIG. 24 is a cross sectional view of a typical piston used in the invention.

FIGS. 25A to 25H show a preferred embodiment of the device of the invention.

FIGS. 26A to 26H show a preferred embodiment of the device of the invention.

FIGS. 27A to 27H show a preferred embodiment of the device of the invention.

FIGS. 28A to 28H show a preferred embodiment of the device of the invention.

FIGS. 29A to 29D show an “end of process” detector, which is an optional feature which may be combined with any embodiment herein disclosed.

FIGS. 30A and 30B show an anti-reuse structure, which is an optional feature that may be combined with any embodiment herein disclosed.

FIGS. 31A and 31B show a reattach mechanism, which is an optional feature that may be combined with any embodiment herein disclosed.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, dimensions may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of the invention and its embodiments. Furthermore, when the terms ‘first’, ‘second’, and the like are used herein, their use is intended for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. Moreover, relative terms like ‘front’, ‘back’, ‘top’ and ‘bottom’, and the like in the description and/or in the claims are not necessarily used for describing exclusive relative position. Those skilled in the art will therefore understand that such terms may be interchangeable with other terms, and that the embodiments described herein are capable of operating in other orientations than those explicitly illustrated or otherwise described.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way as they are exemplary in nature and serve to describe the best mode of the invention known to the inventors as of the filing date hereof. Consequently, changes may be made in the arrangement and/or function of any of the elements described in the disclosed exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Referring now to FIG. 1, in schematic view, the fluid dispenser 10 includes fluid reservoir 26, an optional priming system 21, a trigger mechanism 24, and an injector assembly 22 enclosed in a housing 16.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a fluid dispensing device 10 of a first embodiment dispenses a measured amount of fluid 12 into a living organism 14. The dispensing device 10 includes a main housing 16, a bellows (or piston device) 20, an injection assembly 22 and a trigger mechanism 24. The main housing 16 houses the operative components of the device 10. The bellows 20 is normally collapsed (opens against an elastic resistance) and is located inside the main housing 16, inside a bellows housing 17 wherein the right side 18 is fixed to a right wall 19 thereof, and further encloses a fluid reservoir 26. Note that, referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B and 4, in alternate embodiments 57 and 59, instead of the bellows 20, a rolling-membrane 65 or a flat flexible membrane 67 may be used.

The injection assembly 22 has a needle 30 in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir 26. The trigger mechanism 24 triggers the injection assembly 22 to release the needle 30 to inject fluid 12 into the living organism 14. The trigger mechanism 24 includes a release bar 32, which when depressed, releases a rod 34 which is fixedly attached to the bellows 20 or is an integral part therewith.

In operation, the device 10 is filled with a fluid 12 for dispensing. The bellows 20 may thus be filled through tube 36, and then sealed using, for example, a valve or stopper 40 or other closing device. Excess air passes out through the main tube 42 and then a stopper or valve 44 is closed. As the fluid 12 continues to fill the bellows 20, the bellows increases in length, such that the left most side 46 of the bellows moves from the line A to the location shown in the figure. The release bar 32 (shown also in FIG. 5 as bar 10, in various views) is placed so as to lock the left most side 46 of the bellows 20 in position, at which point the valve 44 may be opened. The fluid system remains closed through use of a flexible tube 50 which attaches to the main tube 42. The flexible tube 50 is formed so as to be normally closed and opens only upon receipt of incoming fluid. In this way, the fluid 12 may be sterilely stored in the bellows 20.

The needle 30 of the injection assembly 22 is attached to the flexible tube 50 on one side thereof. The needle 30 includes a cup shaped flange 52 which is integral therewith, which encloses a first extension spring 54. In a set position as shown in the figure, a first motion inhibitor bar 56 extends from the rod 34 so as to block the motion of the needle 30 against downward motion when the bellows 20 is full until the motion inhibitor bar 56 moves far enough to the right to allow the flange 52 to release and to eject the needle 30 into the living organism 14. A second motion inhibitor bar 60 blocks a second cup shaped flange 62 which retains a second extension spring 64. When enough fluid 12 is released into the living organism such that the bellows 20 moves sufficiently to the right to pull the second motion inhibiting bar 60 to free the second flange 62, the second flange 62 abuts the first flange 52 and forces the needle 30 out of the living organism 14. The operation cycle of the device 10 is therefore complete, it having injected the fluid 12 into the living organism 14, followed by automatic retraction of the needle.

The trigger mechanism 24 is controlled by a sensor, a receiver 70, or according to a prescribed dosage, as a function of time. The sensor or receiver 70 may be powered by a power source, such as a battery 72 and control a micro-motor 74 which actuates the actuation bar 32. In this manner, triggering need not be manually initiated. In fact, triggering can be initiated remotely without having to needlessly alarm the wearer of a detected possible danger or to needlessly remind the wearer of the health condition that requires his or her use of the device.

Optionally, the device 10 further includes a second housing 80 for housing the trigger mechanism 22. The second housing 80 releasably connects to the main housing 16 and is optionally separately disposable from the main housing and its contents.

The needle 30 of the injection assembly 22 is connected to a flexible catheter 50 which is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir 26.

The fluid 12 which may be dispensed by the device 10 includes any number of drugs, vitamins suspended in a liquid carrier, anti-venoms, serums and medications or hormones such as insulin. The term “drug” used herein includes but is not limited to peptides or proteins (and mimetic thereof), antigens, vaccines, hormones, analgesics, anti-migraine agents, anti-coagulant agents, medications directed to the treatment of diseases and conditions of the central nervous system, narcotic antagonists, immunosuppressants, agents used in the treatment of AIDS, chelating agents, anti-anginal agents, chemotherapy agents, sedatives, anti-neoplastics, prostaglandins, antidiuretic agents and DNA or DNA/RNA molecules to support gene therapy.

Typical drugs dispensed by the device include peptides, proteins, hormones including insulin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene regulating protein, atrial natriuretic protein, colony stimulating factor, betaseron, erythropoietin (EPO), interferons such as .alpha., .beta. or .gamma. interferon, somatropin, somatotropin, somastostatin, insulin-like growth factor (somatomedins), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, estradiol, growth hormones, leuprolide acetate, factor VIII, interleukins such as interleukin-2, and analogues or antagonists thereof, such as IL-1ra; analgesics such as fentanyl, sufentanil, butorphanol, buprenorphine, levorphanol, morphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, methadone, lidocaine, bupivacaine, diclofenac, naproxen, paverin, and analogues thereof; anti-migraine agents such as sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids, and analogues thereof; anti-coagulant agents such as heparin, hirudin, and analogues thereof; anti-emetic agents such as scopolamine, ondansetron, domperidone, metoclopramide, and analogues thereof; cardiovascular agents, anti-hypertensive agents and vasodilators such as diltiazem, clonidine, nifedipine, verapamil, isosorbide-5-monotritate, organic nitrates, agents used in treatment of heart disorders, and analogues thereof; sedatives such as benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, and analogues thereof; chelating agents such as defroxanune, and analogues thereof; anti-diuretic agents such as desmopressin, vasopressin, and analogues thereof; anti-anginal agents such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; anti-neoplastics such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; prostaglandins and analogues thereof; and chemotherapy agents such as vincristine, and analogues thereof, treatments for attention deficit disorder, methylphenidate, fluvoxamine, bisoprolol, tacrolimus, sacrolimus, cyclosporine, Actemra (tocilizumab), Adcretris (brentuximab vedotin), Arzerra (ofatumumab), Avastin (bevacizumab), Benlysta (belimumab), Cimzia (certolizumab pegol), Erbitux (cetuximab), Herceptin (trastuzumab), Humira (adalimumab), Ilaris (canakinumab), Lucentis (ranibizumab), Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), Perjeta (pertuzumab), Prolia (denosumab), Remicade (infliximab), Simponi (golimumab), Soliris (eculizumab), Stelara (ustekinumab), Tysabri (natalizumab), Vectibix (panitumumab), Xgeva (denosumab), Xolair (omalizumab), Yervoy (ipilimumab), and Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan).

Optionally, the device 10 may include an indicator 90 which extends outside the housing 16 through an axially elongated slot having demarcations along its length, so as to enable the indicator 90 to indicate an amount of such fluid 12 administered to the living organism 14.

In an alternate embodiment, the power supply 22 can be solar cells, a wound watch spring, movement captured by an oscillating mass (such as used in automatic watches), or a pneumatic system storing compressed air.

A suitable motor 74 is referred to by its trademark SQUIGGLE™, available from New Scale Technologies, Inc. of New York, USA.

In an alternate embodiment, the device 10 is held against the skin 15 of the living organism 14 by a band (see for example FIG. 11D) such as a watch band.

In an embodiment, the device 10 uses a micro bellows 20 such as those available from Servometer/PMG LLC of Cedar Grove, N.J., USA (PN 400-31988).

The micro injector deals with a volume of 15 μL to 30 μL and subcutaneously (>5 mm) injects a fluid within a time frame of 0.5 to 2 sec. A suitable needle size is between 0.3 to 0.45 mm. Preferably, the overall size of the packaging 16′ shown in FIG. 5 is about 4 mm in diameter and about 15 mm long. Referring now to FIG. 6, the packaging 16′ is fixed by gluing on or adhering to the skin with auto-adhesive sticker portion 71. Note that the adhesive should be selected so that, after wearing of the fluid injector, the adhesive may be cleaned away with a readily available solvent such as alcohol, enabling the injector to be re-attached in the event that use during a first wearing of the injector was not necessary. The packaging 16′ is comprised of a housing 16 and a closure 73 such as a sliding panel to prevent access to the trigger 24 until a fluid is to be dispensed. Optionally, a septum of a thin, elastic material (not shown, as it's on the underside of the device between the needle and the skin of the user) seals the needle injector mechanism 22 from external elements. Note that the sliding panel 73 can be replaced by a remote trigger such as an RF trigger or timed trigger device shown in FIG. 10. A further security device (not shown) which prevents against accidental triggering may be added to improve safety or which is resistant to vibration or shock or material creep.

Referring to FIG. 8, a method 100 of using the invention includes several steps. In a first step 102, the injection area is prepared, for example, by cleaning with a disinfectant and a cotton swab. In a second step 104, a security seal on the fluid injector is removed by the user. In a third step 106, a protective layer is removed from an adhesive pad of the fluid injector and the fluid injector is adhered to the skin of the user. In a fourth step 110, the trigger panel is opened by the user to allow access to the trigger. In a fifth step 112, the trigger is activated by the user, thereby initiating the automated process of fluid injection.

Referring to FIG. 9, the automated process 120 of fluid injection is executed by control electronics in the fluid injector and includes several steps. In a first automated step 122, the actuation system of the invention is initiated. In a second automated step 124, the fluid injector is primed. In a third automated step 126, the needle is inserted subcutaneously. In a fourth automated step 130, the fluid is injected. In a fifth automated step 132, the needle is retracted. After use, the fluid injector 140 may be removed by the user and the injection area sterilized, if this has not already been performed.

Referring to FIG. 10, the trigger mechanism 24 can be controlled via wireless interface in a control module 200 that may be clipped on to the fluid injector 10′ so as to interface with the trigger in a manner which can actuate the trigger.

Referring now to FIGS. 11A to 15, in other embodiments 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700, the fluid reservoir 12 is a flexible fluid reservoir. The flexible fluid reservoir is located inside the main housing. The injection assembly having a needle is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir. The trigger mechanism triggers the injection assembly to release the needle to inject fluid into the living organism.

Referring in particular to FIGS. 11A to 11E, a fluid dispensing device 310 of an alternate embodiment has a needle 312 having a first end 314 and a second end 316, preferably beveled to facilitate piercing of the skin of the living organism. The needle 312 is adapted for interfacing, on the first end 314, with a septum 360 in a wall 320 of a flexible hollow membrane 322, and at the second end 316 thereof, for subcutaneously inserting into a living organism. The needle 312, about its second end 316, is guided by a guide 324 to permit an injection into the living organism at a substantially non-orthogonal angle alpha with respect to a surface 326 of the living organism. An injection mechanism 330 within a housing 332 includes a hollow transfer collet 334 having a flange 336 at one end thereof and arranged to be translatable lengthwise therein, an extension spring 338 into which the collet 334 is disposed, the extension spring 338 bearing against the flange 336 at one end thereof and against the housing 332 at the other end thereof, a flexible membrane receiver 340 which is disposed within the transfer collet 334, the flexible membrane receiver 340 having a the needle 312 affixed therein such that the first end 314 is held adjacent the flexible membrane 322 (preferably having a 200 capacity) when installed in the receiver 340 and such that the second end 316 is received into the guide 324, and a user push button 342 which abuts one end of the collet 334 and extends outside the housing 332 so as to be accessible by a user. The flexible membrane receiver 340 is connected to a first end 344 of a compression spring 346 having a lesser spring constant K as compared to the extension spring 338, the spring 346 being connected at an opposite end 350 to the housing 332. The flexible membrane receiver 340 having a flange 352 at one end thereof that extends beyond an end face 354 of the flange 336 of the collet 334. In the view shown in FIG. 11A, the extension spring 346 is in an essentially relaxed state and the compression spring 338 is in a stressed state. A retaining shoulder 356 on a tang in the housing 332 maintains the compression spring 338 in the stressed state.

In operation, a user pushes the button 342 which reacts against the collet 334 to bias the collet over the retaining shoulder 356, thus allowing the compression spring 338 to expand, thereby translating the flexible reservoir 322 in the receiver 340 along with the needle 312 to an opposite end of the housing 322. During this translation, the first end 314 of the needle 312 penetrates a septum 360 of the fluid reservoir 322 and is primed with the fluid 362 contained therein as the needle 312 is guided by the guide 324 toward the surface 326 of the living organism. Further translation, optionally, after priming, then plunges the needle 312 into the living organism 14 a prescribed depth, usually 3 to 5 mm. The receiver flange 352 is sloped so that when it reaches a matched slope or cam surface 364 formed on an inner surface of the housing 332, the receiver 340, which is slotted, collapses (see FIG. 11C) to further squeeze the fluid 362 out of the reservoir 322, expelling the remaining amount of such fluid. In this way, the squeezing is performed laterally with respect to an axis along which the trigger mechanism is actuated. As the receiver flange 352 collapses, the receiver is able to pass through the collet 334, drawn therethrough by the extension spring 338 and thus simultaneously drawing the needle 312 out of the living organism 14 safely into the housing 322. Note that here, aspiration of fluids from the body of the living organism is prevented due to the fact that pressure is maintained on the membrane by the tangs of the receiver 340 being held in a collapsed position by the inner surface of the collet 334. At this point, the fluid dispensing device 310 may be removed from the surface 326 of the living organism 14 and be discarded.

As a security against inadvertent activation, a locking construct 370 prevents the push buttons 342 from being depressed.

Referring now to FIG. 11G, the fluid dispensing device 300 is retained (via the user holding it against the skin using hand pressure, or via an elastic band 301 or an adhesive or adhesive pad) against the skin of the living organism 14 and may be manually, automatically or remotely actuated to inject a fluid into the living organism 14. For example, the user may simply hold the device 300 against the skin of the living organism 14 to be treated. Alternatively, the elastic band 301 on which the dispensing device 300 (or a series thereof as shown) is affixed may be extended and fastened around an appendage 303 of the living organism 14 so that the base of the housing 332 through which the needle 312 passes is held securely against the skin. For example, the device 300 may be contained in a watch casing mounted on a watch bracelet, such as shown in PCT Application No. PCT/IB/2010/002055 and PCT/IB2010/002054, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto. Optionally, according to the tastes of the wearer, the bracelet and casing may be decoratively formed and/or made of precious metals. Still further, the housing 332 may include a base having a surface on which an adhesive may be applied prior to affixing the device against the skin of the living organism. A self-adhesive pad 390, 490, 590 (e.g. such as that shown in FIGS. 12A and 13A) may also be used.

Referring now to FIG. 11H, the device 300 may include an attachment 307 into which the device 300 may be placed, the attachment 307 including a radio receiver or the like and an actuator, which receives command signals from a mobile device 311 to actuate the actuator at given times, to automatically administer a dose of fluid to the living organism 14.

Referring to FIG. 12A to FIG. 12G, an alternate fluid dispensing device 400 has a needle 312 having a first end 314 and a second end 316. Referring in particular to FIGS. 12D and 12E, the needle 312 is adapted for interfacing, on the first end 314, with a septum 420 of a flexible hollow membrane 422, and at the second end 316 thereof, for subcutaneously inserting into a living organism 14. The needle 312, about its second end 316, is guided by a guide 424 to permit an injection into the living organism 14 at a substantially non-orthogonal angle alpha with respect to a surface 326 of the living organism.

Injection at a non-orthogonal angle helps ensure that the device has a low profile with respect to the surface of the living organism to be injected. As can be appreciated, if one must inject to a depth of 5 mm to be sure to inject into the subcutaneous layer of the skin, than using a conventional injection system, the system must extend orthogonally above the surface to be injected at the very least, 5 mm as well. By entering the skin at an angle, and by using a needle which is ductile or malleable in that it can be deformed through a guide (see for example FIG. 21A to 21D), it is possible to use a long mechanism without having an excessively high or proud profile. Having a low profile has the advantage of making it more difficult for a wearer to inadvertently tear away the device during a period of prolonged use as well as makes the device more invisible while it is worn. Further, there is an aesthetic aspect when used on humans: objects foreign to the human body, attached directly to the body are best unseen or invisible. An infusion device attached to the body is considered by many to be unattractive, much like a wart. Consequently, it is important that the device of the invention be as small and low profile as possible.

An injection mechanism 430 within the housing 432 includes a transfer block 434 arranged to be translatable lengthwise therein, compression springs 438 (fixed at one end to the housing 432 and at another to a spring slide 433) which bias the block 434 to translate toward an opposite end of the housing 432. The needle 312 is affixed in the block 434 such that, when the block is released to translate to the opposite end of the housing 432, it lodges in the septum 420. User push buttons 442 a and 442 b (shown most clearly in FIG. 12D) slide laterally in the housing 432, and when they are in the un-depressed position as shown, they prevent the block 434 from translating against the flexible reservoir 422 by locking the compression springs 438 in a stressed position. When the push buttons 442 a and 442 b are depressed inwardly, they release the compression springs 438 which have a high spring constant K (typically 10 times higher than return extension spring 446), to translate the block 434 via a cam 435 to the opposite end of the housing 432. The block 434 then is depressed by spring action against the reservoir 422, squeezing the reservoir and thus forcing the fluid therein to prime the needle 312 and plunging the second end 316 of the needle 312 into the living organism 14. Once the fluid in the reservoir 422 is depleted, arms 452 a and 452 b of the cam 435 (which pivot on the block 434) ride up a corresponding cam surface 464 to clear the spring slide 433 and compression springs 438, thus freeing an extension spring 446 which is fixed at one end to the block and at an opposite end, to the housing 432, to draw the block 434 together with the needle 312, to return the block and thus remove the needle from the living organism 14, retracting it safely into the housing 432.

Referring in particular to FIG. 12B, as a security against inadvertent activation, a locking construct 470 prevents the push buttons 442 a and 442 b from being depressed. Alternately, a film retainer strap around the springs and affixed (e.g., bonded) to the housing may be used to lock the structure, the film being made of a material which may be selectively melted by applying a resistance or magnetic induction to an attached metal strip. The heated strip melts the retainer strap releasing the device to perform an injection and retraction. Materials with a low melting point, such as polypropylene or Tyvek may be used. A metal component, made, for example, of titanium or other conductor that changes temperature in response to current, may be used. The metal component is in contact with the film. The metal may be titanium, for example, or other conductor that changes temperature in response to current. An external device applies current to metal component by direct contact or via magnetic induction. The metal rod heats and applies local heat to the film, melting a portion thereof so as to initiate a tear and breakage, thereby releasing the springs, initiating the injection and retraction cycle.

Referring now to FIG. 13A to 13G, a further alternate fluid dispensing device 800 is held against the skin of the living organism 14 in any manner, such as by a self-adhesive surface 801, the adhesive surface of which is revealed by removal of a strip 803. The device 800 is activated by pulling out a release tab 802. As a safety feature, there is a small snap fit 804 on the release tab 802. The retention forces exerted by this snap fit 804 must be overcome before it can be removed from the device 800. Once the release tab 802 is removed, a compression spring 806 drives a slider 810 forward. A cam surface 812 on the slider 810 provides a cam action on a needle holder 814 causing the needle holder 814, and the needle 816 affixed thereto, to depress in the vertical direction. The needle 816 has a first end 820 adapted to pierce a reservoir septum 822 in a flexible membrane 824 and a second end 826 adapted to pierce the skin of a living organism 14. A certain amount of travel, on the order of 2 mm, is permitted so that the needle 816 may penetrate to a desired depth in the skin of the living organism 14. This motion inserts the second end 826 of the needle 816 into the skin and the other end into the reservoir septum 822. As the motion continues, the reservoir 824 is compressed by the slider acting on the needle holder 814, forcing the fluid stored in the reservoir 824 through the needle 816 and into the living organism 14. Once the slider 810 reaches the end of its travel, it clears the needle holder 814. Consequently, the needle holder 814 and thus the needle 816 are free to return to its nominal state which retracts the needle from the skin. The reservoir 824 may optionally have a septum stop in which the first end of the needle plunges, which plugs the needle thereby preventing aspiration of the fluid of the living organism upon retraction of the needle.

Referring to FIG. 14A to FIG. 14H, an alternate fluid dispensing device 500 uses a torsion spring 537, mounted in a known manner between the housing 532 and a crank 533. When triggered, the torsion spring turns the crank 533 which, via a rod 535 pivotally attached between the crank and a piston block 534, primes the needle 512 and plunges the same into the living organism 14 (or vice versa), dispensing fluid and then retracting the needle 512 out of the living organism safely into the housing. The needle 312 is affixed to a piston block 534 which is formed to slide in a channel in the housing 532, from a first position, in which the first end 314 of the needle 312 is adjacent a flexible hollow membrane 522 to a second position in which the fluid in the flexible hollow membrane has been squeezed out by the block through the needle 312 into the living organism 14.

Referring in particular to FIG. 14B, a hole 525 that allows the needle 312 to pass through the housing into the skin of the patient. In order to better sanitize the device, a thin membrane may cover this hole 525, thereby preventing a buildup of adhesive in the hole over several wearings of the device. The versions having an auto-adhesive protected by a removable layer or tab need not have such a thin membrane covering the hole 525 because the removable layer or tab fulfills this function.

In operation, a user removes a security pin 570 which releases a push button 542. The user then depresses the push button 542, which releases the crank 533. The rod 535, pivotally attached between the crank 533, translates the piston block 534 against the flexible membrane 522, plunging the first end 314 of the needle 312 into a septum 520 and, as motion continues, priming the needle and moving the second end 316 of the needle, guided by the guide 524, plunging into the living organism (or vice versa), dispensing the fluid therein, and then, as the crank rotates further, biased by return spring 539, drawing the needle out of the living organism 14 safely into the housing 532.

Referring now to FIG. 15, in an alternate exemplary embodiment, adaptable to the embodiments associated with FIGS. 10 to 14G, the needle 612 need not have the angled portion, but rather may extend out straight, parallel with the first end 614 which pierces the septum. The first and second end 614, 616, respectively, of the needle 612 pierce their respective piercing surface while translating together in a common direction. This is possible when the entire injection assembly, instead of being laid out parallel to the base plane, is laid out coplanar to the injection angle. The housings of the embodiments may be so adapted or the device may be mounted on an angled pedestal 620.

Referring now to FIGS. 16A to 16C, an alternate embodiment of the flexible fluid reservoir 900 is shown which prevents aspiration of the injected fluid upon removal of the needle. This functionality is important because in normal subcutaneous injection protocol, the needle is first inserted a certain depth under the skin (3 to 5 mm), and only after insertion, does one inject the drug under the epidermis. Finally, the needle is withdrawn. Unless such embodiment or its equivalent is used, the fluid will be distributed linearly throughout the penetration of the needle into the skin, from the surface until the final depth. Upon removal of the latter, there is a measurable risk that a portion of the injected fluid with be aspirated back into the needle. In the instant embodiment, the fluid reservoir 900 includes a septum-like stop 902 adjacent the bottom or far end (with respect to the first end of the needle) of the fluid reservoir 900, in which the first end 314 of the needle 312 will lodge upon completion of the injection cycle, thus blocking the first end of the needle completely and thereby preventing any unwanted re-aspiration of the injected fluid. Alternatively, instead of a septum-like stop or plug 902, a one way valve (not shown) or a reservoir that does not permit refilling may be used to prevent aspiration of fluids from the body back into the reservoir.

Referring to the septum 360, it is desirable to the function of the invention that the first end 314 of the needle 312 remains lodged therein during delivery and retraction. The septum is formed such that the force required to pull the distal end of the needle out of the septum must be greater than the forces required to retract the needle and for the reservoir body to slide back within the device. Alternatively, the septum-like stop 902 helps ensure that the reservoir remains fixed to the needle during retraction

Referring to FIG. 17, in another aspect of the invention, a method 1000 is provided for subcutaneously administering a fluid to a living organism 14. The method 1000 includes the following steps. In a first step 1002, the first end 314 of the needle 312 penetrates through a septum 360 in a fluid reservoir 322. In a second step 1004, the needle 312 is filled with fluid. In a third step 1006, the second end 316 of the needle 312 penetrates the skin of the living organism 14. In a fourth step 1010, a prescribed amount of fluid is injected into the living organism 14 at a prescribed depth of skin penetration. In a fifth step 1012, the needle is retracted from the living organism 14 into an enclosed space. In a sixth optional step 1014, the fluid dispensing device is properly disposed of.

Referring now to FIG. 18, in a further alternate method 1100 includes several steps. In a first step 1102, the second end 316 of needle 312 travels through a guide 324 about 2 mm into skin of the living organism. In a second step 1104, the first end 314 of the needle 312 penetrates through a septum 360 in a fluid reservoir 322. In a third step 1106, the needle 312 is filled with fluid. In a fourth step 1110, a prescribed amount of fluid is injected into the living organism 14 at a prescribed depth of skin penetration. Here, optionally, the first end of the needle penetrates into a septum-like stop or plug, as shown in FIGS. 16A to 16C. In a fifth step 1112, the needle 312 is retracted from the living organism 14 into an enclosed space. In a sixth step 1114, the fluid dispensing device is properly disposed of.

Referring now to FIG. 19A to 19D, the flexible fluid membrane to be used with the invention may take on an almost infinite variety of forms. Referring now to FIG. 19A, by way of example, a flexible fluid membrane 700 particularly suitable for the embodiments described in FIGS. 11A to 11G has a first accordion portion 702 and a second accordion portion 704 joined together to form a single elongated membrane. The accordion portion 702 has a length A and is formed to have accordion folds 706 which permit collapsing of the portion 702 when squeezed laterally, by, for example, the receiver 340. The portion 704, on the other hand, has accordion folds 710 which are collapsible in the axial direction. Further, because the membrane 700 has a form having two portions each of which being compressible in a different direction, and the membrane is adaptable to vary the amount of fluid injected during the injection process. For example, the diameter or size of each portion 702 or 704 can be varied, and where each is activated in series, such as by the embodiment of FIGS. 11A to 11G, two injection rates may be selected, the first as the portion B compresses and the second rate associated with the lateral squeezing of the portion A. Referring in particular to FIGS. 19B to 19C, only one portion 702 or 704 may be used as well. With respect to the embodiment shown in FIG. 19C, this is most appropriate where there is no appreciable axial squeezing (see FIG. 11A) and only a pinching at the end of motion of the collet 340.

Referring now to FIG. 19D, a membrane 780 which is typical for use with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 12A-14H is either square or circular in lateral cross section, and pyramidal in axial cross section, in which the larger surface 782 is distal to the first end 314 of the needle 312 when this end is inserted into a septum 784, at its proximal end. A septum-like stop 902 is affixed to this larger surface 782, such that the first end 314 of the needle 312 will become lodged therein, blocking the needle and thereby preventing aspiration. Accordion folds 786 enable displacement of most of the fluid contained in the reservoir 780, by allowing an orderly collapsing of the membrane to a flat condition. The lodging of the first end 314 of the needle 312 into the stop also ensures that the membrane 780 does not expand (and so does not aspirate) because the first end 314 essentially locks the membrane from one septum 784 to the stop 902 against further expansion.

The membranes are inserted in the infusion device 400 pre-filled upon assembly of the device in a sterile environment, at the manufacturer's facility. As these devices 400 are intended for single use only, the user or doctor are not intended to have any interaction with the device, other than to attach the device, trigger and remove the device. This ensures that the device is single use only.

Referring now to FIG. 20, a progression of an injection performed using the invention includes a standby, an insertion, an infusion and a retraction stage. In the standby stage, the needle is inside the device and the fluid reservoir is full, with the device held against the skin of the patient. In the insertion stage, the needle is inserted 1.5 mm to 2 mm beneath the skin into the intradermal skin layer. In the infusion stage, the fluidic channel is then opened and the reservoir begins to empty as the needle continues to travel to the 4 mm to 5 mm subcutaneous target depth. The needle is fixed within the reservoir septum and as it retracts, the reservoir/septum slide with it. The flow rate depends greatly on the reservoir design (material properties, geometry, etc), size of the fluidic channel (needle inner diameter), and resistance beneath the skin. Once the reservoir begins to empty through a 27-31G (ultra-fine) needle 312, enough resistance is present to slow the spring travel so that the first bolus is thus delivered before the needle is retracted from the skin.

Optionally, an indicator indicates whether the injection has been completed. It is important to provide feedback so the user knows the infusion process is complete and the device is ready for removal. Alternatively, a snap type interface can be implemented, so as the spring retracts, there is a “click” when the needle holder reaches the final position. A viewing window can be implemented as well, where a portion of the needle is flagged with a color, this portion moving behind a window, indicating that the needle holder has retracted.

Optionally, an adhesive may be applied to the base for retaining the dispensing device against a wearer's skin. In one embodiment, the adhesive is an adhesive pad fixedly attached to the base and having a protective sheet on an opposite face thereof which allows removal to expose the adhesive surface.

The flexible hollow membrane has a fluid (e.g., any fluid including those listed above) therein and is functionally disposed in the receiver.

In an embodiment, the trigger mechanism is controlled by a sensor or a wireless radio receiver by remote control. The control of speed of the injection may be made as a function of time by, for example, controlling a micro motor actuator which replaces in these embodiments, the function of the compression spring 338, 438, 806, 537. Such motor (e.g. Squiggle) can be made such that it is part of a modular component which may be removably inserted into the device and removed for reuse, thus allowing the device to be made inexpensively, while permitting a more expensive actuation and control system. Such device may be illustrated by the unit of FIG. 10 in which the motor and electronics are integrated in the upper portion 200, while the dose and injection/retraction mechanism is located in the main housing 16′.

In another embodiment, the device includes a second housing for housing the trigger mechanism. The second housing is releasably connectable to the main housing.

It should be understood that both the invention can be used for extended bolus as well as by patients not capable of keeping the automatic injector steady against the injection site for the time required for conventional automatic injections (e.g., a few seconds).

Referring now to FIG. 22A to 22F, a progression of phases of another embodiment 2219 of the system of the invention comprising the medical device and injectable fluid reservoir 2220 is attached on the patient's skin 2218, by any means like glue, or a bracelet. Referring in particular to FIG. 22A, an initial phase 1 of the embodiment 2219 is ready for activation. This and subsequent phases are shown without the housing so as not to confuse the reader.

Referring in particular to FIG. 22B, in a subsequent phase 2, triggered by user's push of a button or by electronics control system (not shown), the mechanism (not shown) of the medical device of the invention moves the needle 2201 towards the injectable fluid reservoir 2220 until the needle's extraction end 2203 punctures through the external septum 2208.

Referring in particular to FIG. 22C, in a subsequent phase 3, the mechanism of the medical device 2219 of the invention continues moving the needle 2201 towards the injectable fluid reservoir 2220 and pushes the external septum 2208 so that it works as a piston, pumping the fluid 2212 into the needle 2201 and completely filling it.

Referring in particular to FIG. 22D, in a next phase 4, further moving of the needle 2201 and the external septum 2208 brings the injection end 2202 of the needle 2201 into the skin of the patient 2218 and starts injecting the fluid 2212.

Referring in particular to FIG. 22E, in a next phase 5, movement continues until the needle 2201 reaches the internal septum stop 2210 and fully plunges into it. The retainer mechanism 2204 engages into the internal septum stop 2210, closing the extraction end of the needle 2203.

Referring in particular to FIG. 22F, in a final phase 6, the mechanism of the medical device 2219 moves the needle 2201 back out of the patient's skin 2218, and at the same time, the internal septum stop 2210 and the external septum 2208 slide back to the right toward the entrance of the fluid reservoir 2206, aided by the pressure provided by the compensation gas 2213 and the retainer mechanism 2204, ensuring no sucking back of the injected fluid 2212 during needle extraction.

Referring now to FIG. 23A, a vial 2306, which may be made of glass or plastic, even metal, and consequently may be transparent or non-transparent, contains two filling holes 2314 and 2320 which allow filling with a user adjustable concentration of drug and diluent by means of filling needles 2317.

Referring now to FIG. 23B, a second embodiment 2370 of the invention is shown in operation in a phase 1. The second embodiment 2370 includes a vial 2356 (of glass, or plastic, even metal, and so may be transparent or non-transparent), an external septum 2360, an internal piston 2354, a gas 2352, an injectable fluid 2350 and a needle 2362, wherein the external septum 2360 tightly seals with the vial 2356. The internal piston 2354 separates, in a water and air tight manner, the injectable fluid 2350 and the gas 2352. The gas 2352 is under substantially higher pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.

Referring now to FIG. 23C, the second embodiment 2370 is shown in operation in phase 2, where the needle 2362 has penetrated entirely the external septum 2360, allowing the gas 2352 to expand, thus pushing the internal piston 2354 so that the injectable fluid 2350 is released though the internal channel of the needle 2362.

Referring now to FIG. 23D, the second embodiment 2370 is shown in operation in its phase 3, roughly comparable to phases 5 and 6 of the previous embodiment, where internal piston 2354 has moved though the expansion of the gas 2352 to an end position, hereby closing the internal channel of the needle 2362, thus ensuring no sucking back or aspiration of the now injected fluid 2350.

Referring now to FIG. 24, the internal piston 2354 is preferably made out of materials approved to be used in medical devices. The material selected for the internal piston 2354 optionally is made up of a metallic structure 2381 overmolded with septum-like material (e.g., a closed cell elastomer) to ensure proper guiding. The internal piston 2354 may feature an annular lip 2383 that will ensure tightness. The internal piston 2354, the external mobile septum 2308 and/or the internal septum stop 2310 may have a coating such as “TEFLON”® to improve their gliding properties on the internal surface of the vial 2356. The width- or diameter-to-length ratio also is selected to improve guiding characteristics.

A window (now shown here but similar to reference 3505 in FIG. 28B, except that the piston position is exposed and not the needle) is optionally provided for making the position of the internal piston 54 visible, which then may provide a visual indication to the wearer or a third party that the injection has taken place. Alternatively, the position of the internal piston 54 may be detectable through any contactless detection such as a proximity sensor (also shown as reference 3506 in FIGS. 28C and 28D), which then provides an indication that the injection has taken place. Feedback information that the injection has taken place provides reassurance to the wearer that potentially life critical treatment has been received. Such information may then be transmitted to the user via an electronic communication system, for example. Such an indicator may be provided in any embodiment herein described.

It should be noted that a rigid fluid reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401 closed by a septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306, 3406 can be used as a piston in the fluid dispensing device 2200, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400 of the invention for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism. This device 2200, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400 includes a main housing 3130, 3230, 3330, 3430 enclosing the operative components of the device, the fluid reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401 located within the main housing 3130, 3230, 3330, 3430, an injection assembly 2200, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400 including a needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412, and a retainer/trigger mechanism 4, 3116, 3216, 3316, 3416. The needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412 has a first end 3, 3108, 3208, 3308, 3408 adapted to piercing the septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306, 3406 and pushing the septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306, 3406 into the reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401 so that the septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306, 3406 acts as a piston, thus expelling the fluid 12, 3105, 3205, 3305, 3405 through the needle, and a second end 2, 3113, 3213, 3313, 3413 adapted to injecting the fluid into the living organism (shown a portion of the skin 18, 3114, 3214, 3314, 3414 of the living organism). The rigid fluid reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401, which contains a second septum 10, 3104, 3204, 3304, 3404 that can be used to close the needle's first end 3, 3108, 3208, 3308, 3408 after extraction of the fluid 12, 3105, 3205, 3305, 3405, wherein, when the needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412 lodges into the said second piston-like septum 10, 3104, 3204, a barb (see reference 4 on FIGS. 21-30) may optionally ensure that the needle, upon retraction, remains lodged in the second septum 3104, 3204. In the rigid reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401, the movement of the second septum 10, 3104, 3204 is helped by a gas 13 under pressure contained between the second septum 10 and the bottom of the reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, and 3401. The rigid reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401 includes the septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306, and 3406 which has an internal structure, e.g. a suitable length to width ratio, to improve the guiding behavior within the reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, and 3401. The septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306, 3406 of the rigid reservoir may has a coating to improve its gliding properties on the internal surface of the reservoir. One or both septi of the rigid reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401 include an internal structure, e.g. a suitable length to width ratio, to improve their guiding behavior within the reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, and 3401. Optionally, one or both septi of the rigid reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, and 3401 may have a coating to improve their gliding properties on the internal surface of the reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401.

In another embodiment, the device of the invention 2200, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400 has a main housing 3100, 3200, 3330, 3430 enclosing the operative components of the device 2200, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, a fluid reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401 located within the main housing 3130, 3230, 3330, 3430, an injection assembly 2200, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400 including a needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412, and a retainer/trigger mechanism 4, 3116, 3216, 3316, 3416. The needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412 has a first end 3, 3108, 3208, 3308, 3408 and a second end 2, 3113, 3213, 3313, 3413. The needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412 is adapted for interfacing, on the first end 3, 3108, 3208, 3308, 3408, with a septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306 and a septum stop 10, 3104, 3204 disposed in a reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401, and at a second end 2, 3113, 3213, 3313, 3413 thereof, for subcutaneously inserting into a living organism. The needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412 is guided by a guide 320, 3132, 3232 3332, 3432 (such as that shown in the progression of FIGS. 21A to 21D) to permit an injection into the living organism at a substantially non-orthogonal angle with respect to a surface 3134, 3234, 3334, 3434 of the living organism. The first and second ends 3, 3108, 3208, 3308, 3408, 2, 3113, 3213, 3313, 3413 of the needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412 pierce their respective piercing surface 8, 3106, 3206, 3306, 3134, 3234, 3334, 3434 while translating together in a common direction. Once the septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306 is pierced, the needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312 is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301 and further translation of the septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306, 3406, which acts as a piston, expels the fluid 12, 3105, 3205, 3305, 3405 through the needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412. When the needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412 lodges into a second piston-like septum 10, 3104, 3204, a barb (see reference 4 on FIGS. 21-30) may optionally ensure that the needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412, upon retraction, remains lodged in the second septum 10, 3104, 3204 acting as the septum stop. The septum 8, 3106, 3206, 3306, 3406 and the needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412 translate together to an opposite end of the reservoir 6, 3101, 3201, 3301, 3401 as the needle retracts from the skin. The retainer/trigger mechanism 4, 3116, 3216, 3316, 3416 of the device triggers the injection assembly 2200, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400 to release the needle 1, 3112, 3212, 3312, 3412 to inject fluid 12, 3105, 3205, 3305, 3405 into the living organism. The fluid dispensing device 2200, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400 is retained (via the user, an elastic band or an adhesive or adhesive pad) against the skin of the living organism and may be manually, automatically or remotely actuated to inject a fluid into the living organism.

The fluid 12, 3105, 3205, 3305, 3405 for injection may be peptides, proteins, hormones including insulin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene regulating protein, atrial natriuretic protein, colony stimulating factor, betaseron, erythropoietin (EPO), interferons such as .alpha., .beta. or .gamma. interferon, somatropin, somatotropin, somastostatin, insulin-like growth factor (somatomedins), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, estradiol, growth hormones, leuprolide acetate, factor VIII, interleukins such as interleukin-2, and analogues or antagonists thereof, such as IL-1ra; analgesics such as fentanyl, sufentanil, butorphanol, buprenorphine, levorphanol, morphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, methadone, lidocaine, bupivacaine, diclofenac, naproxen, paverin, and analogues thereof; anti-migraine agents such as sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids, and analogues thereof; anti-coagulant agents such as heparin, hirudin, and analogues thereof; anti-emetic agents such as scopolamine, ondansetron, domperidone, metoclopramide, and analogues thereof; cardiovascular agents, anti-hypertensive agents and vasodilators such as diltiazem, clonidine, nifedipine, verapamil, isosorbide-5-monotritate, organic nitrates, agents used in treatment of heart disorders, and analogues thereof; sedatives such as benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, and analogues thereof; chelating agents such as defroxanune, and analogues thereof; anti-diuretic agents such as desmopressin, vasopressin, and analogues thereof; anti-anginal agents such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; anti-neoplastics such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; prostaglandins and analogues thereof; and chemotherapy agents such as vincristine, and analogues thereof, treatments for attention deficit disorder, methylphenidate, fluvoxamine, bisoprolol, tacrolimus, sacrolimus and cyclosporin, vitamins suspended in a liquid carrier, antivenoms, syrums, medications, antibodies, Actemra (tocilizumab), Adcretris (brentuximab vedotin), Arzerra (ofatumumab), Avastin (bevacizumab), Benlysta (belimumab), Cimzia (certolizumab pegol), Erbitux (cetuximab), Herceptin (trastuzumab), Humira (adalimumab), Ilaris (canakinumab), Lucentis (ranibizumab), Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), Perjeta (pertuzumab), Prolia (denosumab), Remicade (infliximab), Simponi (golimumab), Soliris (eculizumab), Stelara (ustekinumab), Tysabri (natalizumab), Vectibix (panitumumab), Xgeva (denosumab), Xolair (omalizumab), Yervoy (ipilimumab), and Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan).

Referring now to FIGS. 25A-H, a preferred embodiment includes a housing 3130 enclosing the operative components of the invention. The housing 3130 is cross hatched in the first figure. In subsequent figures, only those elements of the housing that interact with the operative components of the invention are shown, for clarity. Shown here is a needle 3112 fixed to plunger 3110, one compression spring 3102, and one tension spring 3103. Use phases 1 and 2 are shown in FIG. 25A and FIG. 25B respectively. In a first phase, the injection process is initiated or triggered by the retraction of mechanism retention 3116. This triggering can be made by direct action of the patient, another person or by a remote control system. In a second phase, spring 3102 expands and pushes vial 3101 until needle end 3108 penetrates septum 3106 and piston 3110 contacts the septum 3106.

In a third and fourth phase of its use, shown in FIG. 25C and FIG. 25D respectively, as spring 3102 continues its expansion, blade 3109 prevents reservoir 3101 from emptying while needle 3112 that is attached to piston 3110 penetrates into patient's skin 3114 with needle end 3113 until reaching injection site below the skin. Upon reaching this injection site, the blades 3107, 3109, 3115 contact release structure 3111, and blade 3109 is released thereby, being cammed out of engagement with the annular projection 3120 on the piston 3110, allowing injection to start.

Use phases 5 and 6 are shown in FIG. 25E and FIG. 25F respectively. Injection starts by the action of piston 3110 pushing on septum 3106 until needle end 3108 reaches internal septum 3104. Then blade 3107 is released by camming against release structure 3111, thereby disactivating spring 3102. Blade 3115 snaps over the flange 3120 of piston 3110 by camming against surface 3122 of release structure 3111. Spring 3103 therefore becomes active.

Use phases 7 and 8 are shown in FIG. 25G and FIG. 25H respectively. Needle 3112 is retracted from skin 3114 with the help of spring 3103. No fluid is sucked or aspirated back thanks to septum 3104 and blade 3115 closing the needle's extraction end 3108. By deformation through a guide as in FIGS. 21A-21D, needle end 3113 goes to a position different from start making it impossible to reuse, and the optional indicator 3506 for process completed (shown in FIGS. 29C and 29D, item 3506 or the window 3505 of FIG. 29B) is activated. Further, fluid injection piston 3110 is attached to the needle 3112, and the needle extraction blade 3115 is attached to (or part of) reservoir 3101. The stiffness (spring rate) of compression spring 3102 must be higher than the stiffness of tension spring 3103 in order for the sequence to be executed correctly.

Referring now to FIGS. 26A-H, a preferred embodiment 3200 according to a concept including a needle 3212 fixed to plunger 3210, two compression springs 3202, 3203 (no tension spring), and a feature (not shown) which activates the spring release 3211 c enabling process interruption.

Use phases 1 and 2 are shown in FIG. 26A and FIG. 26B respectively. The injection process is initiated or triggered by the retraction of mechanism retention 3216, and such triggering can be effected by direct action of the patient, another person or by a remote control system (not described here). Spring 3202 expands and pushes vial 3201 until needle end 3208 penetrates septum 3206 and piston 3210 contacts septum 3206.

Use phases 3 and 4 are shown in FIG. 26C and FIG. 26D respectively. As spring 3202 continues its expansion, a detent 3209 a on blade 3209 contacting annular protrusion 3210 a on the piston 3210 prevents reservoir 3201 from emptying while needle 3212 with needle end 3213 that is attached to piston 3210 penetrates into patient's skin 3214 until reaching the injection site. Upon reaching the injection site, the blade 3209 contact release structure 3211 b, and blade 3209 is cammed against surface 3222 b and released, allowing injection to start.

Use phases 5 and 6 are shown in FIG. 26E and FIG. 26F respectively. Injection starts by the action of piston 3210 pushing on septum 3206 until needle end 3208 reaches internal septum 3204. Blade 3207 is released by caroming against a surface 3222 a on structure 3211 a, thereby rendering spring 3202 inactive. Upon reaching the needle extraction blade release structure 3211 c, blade 3215 releases spring 3203.

Use phases 7 and 8 are shown in FIG. 26G and FIG. 26H respectively. Needle 3212 is retracted from the skin 3214 with the help of spring 3203. No fluid is aspirated back thanks to septum 3204 and spring 3203 pushing piston 3210, closing the needle's extraction end 3208. Needle end 3213 returns to a position different from the start position, making it impossible to reuse, and the optional indicator 3506 of process completion (shown in FIG. 29C, item 3506 and window 3505 of FIG. 29B) is activated. Further, the fluid injection piston 3210 is attached to the needle 3212, and the process can be interrupted at any time by releasing the needle extraction blade release structure 3211 c. In order to provide this functionality, the stiffness (spring rate) of compression spring 3203 must be higher than the stiffness of compression spring 3202.

Referring now to FIGS. 27A-H, in still another embodiment, the device 3300 of the invention includes a needle 3312 moved to the bottom 3350 of vial 3301, in which the penetration of the needle end 3313 into the skin 3314 and the injection happen at the same time.

Use phases 1 and 2 are shown in FIGS. 27A and 27B, respectively. The injection process is initiated or triggered by the retraction of mechanism retention 3316. The release of this retention 3316 can be effected by direct action of the patient, another person or by a remote control system. Spring 3302 then expands and pushes vial 3301. Needle end 3308 starts entering vial 3301 through septum 3306.

Use phases 3 and 4 are shown in FIG. 27C and FIG. 27D respectively. Needle end 3308 reaches the bottom 3350 of vial 3301. Movement of vial 3301 pushes the needle 3312 so as to cause the needle end 3313 to penetrate into the skin 3314.

Use phases 5 and 6 are shown in FIG. 27E and FIG. 27F respectively. Injection starts by the action of piston 3310 pushing on septum 3306 while needle end 3313 goes deeper into skin 3314. Injection stops when septum 3306 reaches bottom 3350 of vial 3301. Blade 3307 is released by it's cam surface 3307 a contacting surface 3322 of release structure 3311, thereby inactivating spring 3302. Blade 3315 snaps loose from the annular protrusion 3310 a of piston 3310. Spring 3303 then becomes active.

Use phases 7 and 8 are shown in FIG. 27G and FIG. 2711 respectively. Needle 3312 is retracted from the skin 3314 with the help of spring 3303. No fluid is aspirated back thanks to septum 3306 and blade 3315 engaging with annual protrusion 3310 a of the piston 3310. Needle end 3313 returns to a position different from the start position, making it impossible to reuse, and the optional indicator 3506 of process completion (shown in FIG. 29C, item 3506 and window 3505 of FIG. 29B) is activated. Further, the needle 3312 is free to move independently from piston 3310. The stiffness (spring rate) of compression spring 3302 is higher than the stiffness of tension spring 3303 in order for the sequence to be executed correctly.

Referring now to FIGS. 28A-H, in a further embodiment, the needle 3412 and the vial 3401 are connected in a fixed way (such as the case with pre-fillable syringes, with fixed needle, typically using a vial of the prior art). The septum 3406 is then not punctured by the needle 3412.

Use phases 1 and 2 are shown in FIG. 28A and FIG. 28B respectively. The injection process is initiated or triggered by the retraction of mechanism retention 3416, the release of which can be accomplished by direct action of the patient, another person or by a remote control system. Spring 3402 then expands. Piston 3410 enters in contact with septum 3406 and blade 3409 contacts surface 3401 a of the vial 3401.

Use phases 3 and 4 are shown in FIG. 28C and FIG. 28D respectively. A barb 3409 a on blade 3409 prevents the reservoir 3401 from emptying. The end 3413 of needle 3412 attached to vial 3401 penetrates into the skin 3414 until reaching the injection site. Blade 3409 is released by its surface 3409 b camming along surface 3422 a of release structure 3411, allowing injection to start.

Use phases 5 and 6 are shown in FIG. 28E and FIG. 28F respectively. Injection is initiated by the action of piston 3410 pushing on septum 3406 until complete emptying of reservoir 3401 occurs. Blade 3407 is then released by camming action against surface 3422 b of release structure 3411, thereby inactivating spring 3402. Blade 3415 snaps over barb 3401 b of vial 3401. Spring 3403 then becomes active.

Use phases 7 and 8 are shown in FIG. 28G and FIG. 28H respectively. Needle 3412 is retracted from skin 3414 with the help of spring 3403 which pulls the needle out as the needle is attached to the vial 3401. No fluid is aspirated back thanks to septum 3406 and blade 3415, which prevents relative motion of the vial 3401 and the piston 3410. Needle end 3413 returns to a position different from the start position, making it impossible to reuse, and the optional indicator 3506 for process completion (shown in FIG. 29C, item 3506 and window 3505 of FIG. 29B) is activated. Further, the needle 3412 is attached to the vial 3401, and the stiffness (spring rate) of compression spring 3402 must be higher than the stiffness of tension spring 3 in order for the sequence to be executed correctly.

Referring now to FIGS. 29A-D, an ‘end of process detector’ 3506 (a proximity detector in one embodiment) is an optional feature that may be combined with any embodiment herein described. After full retraction of needle 3504, feedback of completion is communicated to the user by direct visualization of the needle 3504's position through visualization window 3505. In another variant, containing electronics, feedback can be provided directly on the device 3500 by a LED 3510 or a sound triggered by the contact sensor 3506. In still another variant of an electronic device, the feedback can be transmitted to a remote device.

Among other features, the figures show a device housing 3501, adhesive tape 3502 (for attachment to the skin), a retracted needle 3504, a visualization window 3505, and a contact sensor 3506 (or proximity sensor).

Referring now to FIGS. 30A-B, an ‘anti-reuse structure’ is an optional feature that may be combined with any embodiment herein disclosed. The anti-reuse structure 324, (shown for example also in FIG. 21A to 21D) deforms the needle 3612, making the device impossible to reuse. A pocket 3601, on one or the other side of the needle depending on its elasticity, is provided to catch the needle's end. A similar result may be obtained by additional features in the blades (not shown) of the mechanism, which lock the device up after use.

Referring now to FIGS. 31A-B, a ‘reattach mechanism’ is an optional feature that may be combined with any embodiment herein described. Among other features, the figures show a device housing 3701, an adhesive tape 3702 (for attachment to the skin), and a pierceable film 3704. The method of use of the device 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, and 3700 comprises the following steps:

-   -   In a first step, apply device on skin.     -   In a second step, if device not used, remove device from skin.     -   In a third step, remove tape from device.     -   In a fourth step, for next use, reapply tape on device.

In the case where the device contains an emergency drug, the user may wish to wear the device in a “ready to use” position (attached to his skin) during day operations, but may also wish to remove it, for example during the night, when not having used it. In order to allow several attach-remove-reattach cycles, a disposable tape 3702 can be provided, and/or a pierceable film 3704 which closes any openings in the device against the skin, so that the device interior remains sterile until use. Adhesive tape 3702 may be reusable (such as with “POST-IT”™ notes) or single-use and disposable. In a variant, several peel-off adhesive layers may be provided to facilitate reapplication.

The invention may be summarized by the following feature sets:

1. A rigid fluid reservoir closed by a septum for use in a fluid dispensing device for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism, wherein the device has

-   -   a main housing enclosing the operative components of the device,         the said fluid reservoir located within the main housing,     -   an injection assembly including a needle, and     -   a trigger mechanism,     -   wherein the needle has         -   a first end adapted to piercing the septum and pushing the             septum into the reservoir so that the septum acts as a             piston, expelling the fluid through the needle, and         -   a second end adapted to injecting the fluid into the living             organism.             2. The rigid fluid reservoir of feature set 1, further             containing a second piston-like septum which closes the             needle's first end after extraction of the fluid, wherein,             when the needle lodges into the said second septum, a barb             ensures that the needle, upon retraction, remains lodged in             the second septum.             3. The rigid reservoir of feature set 2 where the movement             of the second septum is assisted by a gas under pressure             contained between the said second septum and the bottom of             the reservoir.             4. The rigid reservoir of feature set 1, where the septum             includes an internal structure to improve guiding behavior             within the reservoir.             5. The rigid reservoir of feature set 1, where the septum             has a coating to improve its gliding properties on the             internal surface of the reservoir.             6. The rigid reservoir of feature set 2, where one or both             septi include an internal structure to improve their guiding             behavior within the reservoir.             7. The rigid reservoir of feature set 2, where one or both             septi have a coating to improve their gliding properties on             the internal surface of the reservoir.             8. A fluid dispensing device is provided for dispensing a             measured amount of fluid into a living organism, wherein the             device has     -   a main housing enclosing the operative components of the device,     -   a fluid reservoir located within the main housing,     -   an injection assembly including a needle, and     -   a trigger mechanism;         the needle having a first end and a second end, the needle being         adapted for interfacing, on the first end, with a septum and a         septum stop disposed in a reservoir, and at a second end         thereof, for subcutaneously inserting into a living organism,         the needle being guided by a guide to permit an injection into         the living organism at a substantially non-orthogonal angle with         respect to a surface of the living organism, the first and         second ends of the needle piercing their respective piercing         surface while translating together in a common direction,         wherein further, once the septum is pierced, the needle is in         fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and wherein,         further translation of the septum, which acts as a piston,         expels the fluid through the needle, and wherein, when the         needle lodges into a second piston-like septum, a barb ensures         that the needle, upon retraction, remains lodged in the second         septum as the septum stop, the septum and the needle then         translate together to an opposite end of the reservoir as the         needle retracts from the skin.         9. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 1, wherein the         trigger mechanism triggers the injection assembly to release the         needle to inject fluid into the living organism.         10. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 8, wherein the         trigger mechanism triggers the injection assembly to release the         needle to inject fluid into the living organism.         11. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 1, wherein the         fluid dispensing device is retained against the skin of the         living organism by a retainer selected from the group of         retainers consisting of the user's hand, an elastic band, an         adhesive, and an adhesive pad and may be manually, automatically         or remotely actuated to inject a fluid into the living organism.         12. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 8, wherein the         fluid dispensing device is retained against the skin of the         living organism by a retainer selected from the group of         retainers consisting of the user's hand, an elastic band, an         adhesive, and an adhesive pad and may be manually, automatically         or remotely actuated to inject a fluid into the living organism.         13. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 1, wherein the         fluid is a fluid selected from a group of fluids consisting of         peptides, proteins, hormones including insulin, calcitonin,         calcitonin gene regulating protein, atrial natriuretic protein,         colony stimulating factor, betaseron, erythropoietin (EPO),         interferons such as .alpha., .beta. or .gamma. interferon,         somatropin, somatotropin, somastostatin, insulin-like growth         factor (somatomedins), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone         (LHRH), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), growth hormone         releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, estradiol, growth hormones,         leuprolide acetate, factor VIII, interleukins such as         interleukin-2, and analogues or antagonists thereof, such as         IL-1ra; analgesics such as fentanyl, sufentanil, butorphanol,         buprenorphine, levorphanol, morphine, hydromorphone,         hydrocodone, oxymorphone, methadone, lidocaine, bupivacaine,         diclofenac, naproxen, paverin, and analogues thereof;         anti-migraine agents such as sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids, and         analogues thereof; anti-coagulant agents such as heparin,         hirudin, and analogues thereof; anti-emetic agents such as         scopolamine, ondansetron, domperidone, metoclopramide, and         analogues thereof; cardiovascular agents, anti-hypertensive         agents and vasodilators such as diltiazem, clonidine,         nifedipine, verapamil, isosorbide-5-monotritate, organic         nitrates, agents used in treatment of heart disorders, and         analogues thereof; sedatives such as benzodiazepines,         phenothiazines, and analogues thereof; chelating agents such as         defroxanune, and analogues thereof; anti-diuretic agents such as         desmopressin, vasopressin, and analogues thereof; anti-anginal         agents such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof;         anti-neoplastics such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues         thereof; prostaglandins and analogues thereof; and chemotherapy         agents such as vincristine, and analogues thereof, treatments         for attention deficit disorder, methylphenidate, fluvoxamine,         bisoprolol, tacrolimus, sacrolimus and cyclosporin, vitamins         suspended in a liquid carrier, antivenoms, syrums, medications,         antibodies, Actemra (tocilizumab), Adcretris (brentuximab         vedotin), Arzerra (ofatumumab), Avastin (bevacizumab), Benlysta         (belimumab), Cimzia (certolizumab pegol), Erbitux (cetuximab),         Herceptin (trastuzumab), Humira (adalimumab), Ilaris         (canakinumab), Lucentis (ranibizumab), Mylotarg (gemtuzumab         ozogamicin), Perjeta (pertuzumab), Prolia (denosumab), Remicade         (infliximab), Simponi (golimumab), Soliris (eculizumab), Stelara         (ustekinumab), Tysabri (natalizumab), Vectibix (panitumumab),         Xgeva (denosumab), Xolair (omalizumab), Yervoy (ipilimumab), and         Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan).         14. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 8, wherein the         fluid is a fluid selected from a group of fluids consisting of         peptides, proteins, hormones including insulin, calcitonin,         calcitonin gene regulating protein, atrial natriuretic protein,         colony stimulating factor, betaseron, erythropoietin (EPO),         interferons such as .alpha., .beta. or .gamma. interferon,         somatropin, somatotropin, somastostatin, insulin-like growth         factor (somatomedins), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone         (LHRH), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), growth hormone         releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, estradiol, growth hormones,         leuprolide acetate, factor VIII, interleukins such as         interleukin-2, and analogues or antagonists thereof, such as         IL-1ra; analgesics such as fentanyl, sufentanil, butorphanol,         buprenorphine, levorphanol, morphine, hydromorphone,         hydrocodone, oxymorphone, methadone, lidocaine, bupivacaine,         diclofenac, naproxen, paverin, and analogues thereof;         anti-migraine agents such as sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids, and         analogues thereof; anti-coagulant agents such as heparin,         hirudin, and analogues thereof; anti-emetic agents such as         scopolamine, ondansetron, domperidone, metoclopramide, and         analogues thereof; cardiovascular agents, anti-hypertensive         agents and vasodilators such as diltiazem, clonidine,         nifedipine, verapamil, isosorbide-5-monotritate, organic         nitrates, agents used in treatment of heart disorders, and         analogues thereof; sedatives such as benzodiazepines,         phenothiazines, and analogues thereof; chelating agents such as         defroxanune, and analogues thereof; anti-diuretic agents such as         desmopressin, vasopressin, and analogues thereof; anti-anginal         agents such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof;         anti-neoplastics such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues         thereof; prostaglandins and analogues thereof; and chemotherapy         agents such as vincristine, and analogues thereof, treatments         for attention deficit disorder, methylphenidate, fluvoxamine,         bisoprolol, tacrolimus, sacrolimus and cyclosporin, vitamins         suspended in a liquid carrier, antivenoms, syrums, medications,         antibodies, Actemra (tocilizumab), Adcretris (brentuximab         vedotin), Arzerra (ofatumumab), Avastin (bevacizumab), Benlysta         (belimumab), Cimzia (certolizumab pegol), Erbitux (cetuximab),         Herceptin (trastuzumab), Humira (adalimumab), Ilaris         (canakinumab), Lucentis (ranibizumab), Mylotarg (gemtuzumab         ozogamicin), Perjeta (pertuzumab), Prolia (denosumab), Remicade         (infliximab), Simponi (golimumab), Soliris (eculizumab), Stelara         (ustekinumab), Tysabri (natalizumab), Vectibix (panitumumab),         Xgeva (denosumab), Xolair (omalizumab), Yervoy (ipilimumab), and         Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan).         15. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 1, wherein the         device is adapted for dispensing a fluid selected from one of a         group of fluids comprising active ingredients, including         small-molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals that are used to treat         organ systems including without limitation alimentary tract, the         digestive system and metabolism, the blood and blood forming         organs, the cardiovascular system, the dermatological system,         lymphatic & immune system, renal and genito-urinary system,         reproductive system, musculo-skeletal system, endocrine and/or         exocrine system, nervous system, respiratory system, and sensory         organs.         16. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 15, wherein the         small-molecule drugs or biopharmaceuticals are selected from one         of a group of drugs or biopharmaceuticals consisting of         emergency medications including but not limited to anaphylaxis,         cardiac arrhythmia and ischaemic emergencies, respiratory         emergencies, CNS emergencies, poisoning and chemical toxicity         emergencies, peptides, proteins, hormones, sex hormones,         systemic hormonal preparations, recombinant agents, antibodies,         vaccines, analgesic agents, sedative agents, anaesthetics, non         steroidal anti-inflammatory agents NSAIDS, prostaglandins,         anti-allergy agents, anti-cholinergic agents, anti-migraine         agents, anti-coagulant agents, anti-emetic agents,         anti-hypertensive agents, cardiovascular disorder agents,         vasodilator agents, anti-infective agents, anti-neoplastic         agents and immunomodulating agents, chemotherapeutics,         anti-parasitic agents, chelating agents, anti-diuretic agents,         anti-venoms and anti-serums, insecticides and repellents.         17. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 8, wherein the         device is adapted for dispensing a fluid selected from one of a         group of fluids comprising active ingredients, including         small-molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals that are used to treat         organ systems including without limitation alimentary tract, the         digestive system and metabolism, the blood and blood forming         organs, the cardiovascular system, the dermatological system,         lymphatic & immune system, renal and genito-urinary system,         reproductive system, musculo-skeletal system, endocrine and/or         exocrine system, nervous system, respiratory system, and sensory         organs.         18. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 17, wherein the         small-molecule drugs or biopharmaceuticals are selected from one         of a group of drugs or biopharmaceuticals consisting of         emergency medications including but not limited to anaphylaxis,         cardiac arrhythmia and ischaemic emergencies, respiratory         emergencies, CNS emergencies, poisoning and chemical toxicity         emergencies, peptides, proteins, hormones, sex hormones,         systemic hormonal preparations, recombinant agents, antibodies,         vaccines, analgesic agents, sedative agents, anaesthetics, non         steroidal anti-inflammatory agents NSAIDs, prostaglandins,         anti-allergy agents, anti-cholinergic agents, anti-migraine         agents, anti-coagulant agents, anti-emetic agents,         anti-hypertensive agents, cardiovascular disorder agents,         vasodilator agents, anti-infective agents, anti-neoplastic         agents and immunomodulating agents, chemotherapeutics,         anti-parasitic agents, chelating agents, anti-diuretic agents,         anti-venoms and anti-serums, insecticides and repellents.         19. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 1, wherein the         fluid comprising the small molecule or biopharmaceutical is         administered via subcutaneous and/or intradermal and/or         intramuscular injection.         20. The fluid dispensing device of feature set 8, wherein the         fluid comprising the small molecule or biopharmaceutical is         administered via subcutaneous and/or intradermal and/or         intramuscular injection.         21. A fluid dispensing device for dispensing a measured amount         of fluid into a living organism, wherein the device has a main         housing enclosing the operative components of the device and         providing the features for the optionally replaceable attachment         to the body of the patient.     -   i. Such device may include a piercable film that closes any         openings of the device against the patient's skin, so that the         device interior remains sterile until use.     -   ii. Such device may include a window to make visible the fact         that the injection process has taken place.

A fluid reservoir of the invention is provided which may be located within the main housing including a first septum;

-   -   i. the first septum of which may be piercable to create a fluid         communication with the needle and allow extraction of the fluid         to be injected to the patient;     -   ii. the first septum may be mobile and be used as a piston to         extract the fluid to be injected to the patient (if ii without         i: see FIG. 27);     -   iii. the reservoir may include a second septum able to close the         extraction end of the needle.         -   The second septum may be mobile so as to follow the movement             of the needle after injection and include a barb to ensure             definitive closing of the needle's extraction.

An injection mechanism is provided which includes a needle, ensuring the automatic execution of the whole injection process until retraction of the needle into the housing and including a guide to deform the needle and permit an injection into the living organism at the appropriate depth. It may include a system to ensure the device cannot be used again. It may use a deformation of the needle to prevent reuse. The system may consist of springs and/or latches.

A trigger mechanism of the invention is released by the action of a human being or by a remote optionally wireless control system. It may include an emergency stop that interrupts the injection process and retracts the needle into the housing. It may include an indicator to inform of the completion of the injection process. It may include a sensor and an electronic optionally wireless communication system to inform of the completion of the injection process.

In an advantage, the invention provides a low-profile automatic injector or infusion device which is less likely to be inadvertently torn off the wearer, when such device is adhered to or held against the skin of a living organism using a holding device.

In another advantage, the invention provides a reliable and simple means of injecting a living organism.

In another advantage, the invention provides for reliable self-injection.

In another advantage, the size of the device, as well as the fact that the mechanism is enclosed, render the device impossible to use a second time, thereby eliminating the risk of contamination of a second user or transmission of a disease of a first user to a second user.

In another advantage, because the amount of active agent, drug or other fluid required to have its therapeutic effect is typically very small, preparations are currently typically highly diluted in order for the physician or nurse can see (via the scale on the needle reservoir circumference) the amount injected. Consequently, because the invention can inject the required amount of active ingredient for a typical treatment, the invention is adaptable to self-use and to sterile injections of essentially any therapeutic fluid for the treatment of many illnesses.

It should be appreciated that the particular implementations shown and described herein are representative of the invention and its best mode and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in the various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physical couplings between various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in a practical system.

Moreover, the system contemplates the use, sale and/or distribution of any goods, services or information having similar functionality described herein.

The specification and figures are to be considered in an illustrative manner, rather than a restrictive one and all modifications described herein are intended to be included within the scope of the invention claimed, even if such is not specifically claimed at the filing of the application. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined by the claims appended hereto or later amended or added, and their legal equivalents rather than by merely the examples described above. For instance, steps recited in any method or process claims may be executed in any order and are not limited to the specific order presented in any claim. Further, the elements and/or components recited in any apparatus claims may be assembled or otherwise operationally configured in a variety of permutations to produce substantially the same result as the present invention. Consequently, the invention is not limited to the specific configuration recited in the claims.

Benefits, other advantages and solutions mentioned herein are not to be construed as critical, required or essential features or components of any or all the claims.

As used herein, the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any variation thereof, are intended to refer to a non-exclusive listing of elements, such that any process, method, article, composition or apparatus of the invention that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements recited, but may also include other elements described in this specification. The use of the term “consisting” or “consisting of” or “consisting essentially of” is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the enumerated elements named thereafter, unless otherwise indicated. Other combinations and/or modifications of the above-described elements, materials or structures used in the practice of the present invention may be varied or otherwise adapted by the skilled artisan to other design without departing from the general principles of the invention.

The patents and articles mentioned above are hereby incorporated by reference herein, unless otherwise noted, to the extent that the same are not inconsistent with this disclosure.

Other characteristics and modes of execution of the invention are described in the appended claims.

Further, the invention should be considered as comprising all possible combinations of every feature described in the instant specification, appended claims, and/or drawing figures which may be considered new, inventive and industrially applicable.

Multiple variations and modifications are possible in the embodiments of the invention described here. Although certain illustrative embodiments of the invention have been shown and described here, a wide range of modifications, changes, and substitutions is contemplated in the foregoing disclosure. For example, such indicators can be used as speed or RPM indicators in vehicles. Further, such indicators can be used to indicate body temperature or other parameters, like heart rate in sports, or in indicators used in medical devices or diagnostic equipment. While the above description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as exemplifications of one or another preferred embodiment thereof. In some instances, some features of the present invention may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the foregoing description be construed broadly and understood as being given by way of illustration and example only, the spirit and scope of the invention being limited only by the claims which ultimately issue in this application. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A rigid fluid reservoir closed by a septum for use in a fluid dispensing device for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism, wherein the device has a main housing enclosing the operative components of the device, the said fluid reservoir located within the main housing, an injection assembly including a needle, and a trigger mechanism, wherein the needle has a first end adapted to piercing the septum and pushing the septum into the reservoir so that the septum acts as a piston, expelling the fluid through the needle, and a second end adapted to injecting the fluid into the living organism.
 2. The rigid fluid reservoir of claim 1, further containing a second piston-like septum which closes the needle's first end after extraction of the fluid, wherein, when the needle lodges into the said second septum, a barb ensures that the needle, upon retraction, remains lodged in the second septum.
 3. The rigid reservoir of claim 2 where the movement of the second septum is assisted by a gas under pressure contained between the said second septum and the bottom of the reservoir.
 4. The rigid reservoir of claim 2, where one or both septi include an internal structure to improve their guiding behavior within the reservoir.
 5. The rigid reservoir of claim 2, where one or both septi have a coating to improve their gliding properties on the internal surface of the reservoir.
 6. The rigid reservoir of claim 1, where the septum includes an internal structure to improve guiding behavior within the reservoir.
 7. The rigid reservoir of claim 1, where the septum has a coating to improve its gliding properties on the internal surface of the reservoir.
 8. The rigid fluid reservoir of claim 1, wherein the trigger mechanism of the fluid dispensing device triggers the injection assembly to release the needle to inject fluid into the living organism.
 9. The rigid fluid reservoir of claim 1, wherein the fluid dispensing device is adapted to be retained against the skin of the living organism by a retainer wherein the device may be manually, automatically or remotely actuated to inject a fluid into the living organism.
 10. The rigid fluid reservoir of claim 1, the wherein the fluid therein is a fluid selected from a group of fluids consisting of peptides, proteins, hormones including insulin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene regulating protein, atrial natriuretic protein, colony stimulating factor, betaseron, erythropoietin (EPO), interferons such as .alpha., .beta. or .gamma. interferon, somatropin, somatotropin, somastostatin, insulin-like growth factor (somatomedins), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), growth hormone releasing hormone (GERH), oxytocin, estradiol, growth hormones, leuprolide acetate, factor VIII, interleukins such as interleukin-2, and analogues or antagonists thereof, such as IL-1ra; analgesics such as fentanyl, sufentanil, butorphanol, buprenorphine, levorphanol, morphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, methadone, lidocaine, bupivacaine, diclofenac, naproxen, paverin, and analogues thereof; anti-migraine agents such as sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids, and analogues thereof; anti-coagulant agents such as heparin, hirudin, and analogues thereof; anti-emetic agents such as scopolamine, ondansetron, domperidone, metoclopramide, and analogues thereof; cardiovacular agents, anti-hypertensive agents and vasodilators such as diltiazem, clonidine, nifedipine, verapamil, isosorbide-5-monotritate, organic nitrates, agents used in treatment of heart disorders, and analogues thereof; sedatives such as benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, and analogues thereof; chelating agents such as defroxanune, and analogues thereof; anti-diuretic agents such as desmopressin, vasopressin, and analogues thereof; anti-anginal agents such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; anti-neoplastics such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; prostaglandins and analogues thereof; and chemotherapy agents such as vincristine, and analogues thereof, treatments for attention deficit disorder, methylphenidate, fluvoxamine, bisoprolol, tacrolimus, sacrolimus and cyclosporin, vitamins suspended in a liquid carrier, antivenoms, syrums, medications, antibodies, Actemra (tocilizumab), Adcretris (brentuximab vedotin), Arzerra (ofatumumab), Avastin (bevacizumab), Benlysta (belimumab), Cimzia (certolizumab pegol), Erbitux (cetuximab), Herceptin (trastuzumab), Humira (adalimumab), Ilaris (canakinumab), Lucentis (ranibizumab), Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), Perjeta (pertuzumab), Prolia (denosumab), Remicade (infliximab), Simponi (golimumab), Soliris (eculizumab), Stelara (ustekinumab), Tysabri (natalizumab), Vectibix (panitumumab), Xgeva (denosumab), Xolair (omalizumab), Yervoy (ipilimumab), and Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan).
 11. The rigid fluid reservoir of claim 1, wherein the fluid dispensing device is adapted for dispensing a fluid selected from one of a group of fluids comprising active ingredients, including small-molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals that are used to treat organ systems including without limitation alimentary tract, the digestive system and metabolism, the blood and blood forming organs, the cardiovascular system, the dermatological system, lymphatic & immune system, renal and genito-urinary system, reproductive system, musculo-skeletal system, endocrine and/or exocrine system, nervous system, respiratory system, and sensory organs.
 12. The rigid fluid reservoir of claim 11, wherein the small-molecule drugs or biopharmaceuticals are selected from one of a group of drugs or biopharmaceuticals consisting of emergency medications including but not limited to anaphylaxis, cardiac arrhythmia and ischaemic emergencies, respiratory emergencies, CNS emergencies, poisoning and chemical toxicity emergencies, peptides, proteins, hormones, sex hormones, systemic hormonal preparations, recombinant agents, antibodies, vaccines, analgesic agents, sedative agents, anaesthetics, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents NSAIDS, prostaglandins, anti-allergy agents, anti-cholinergic agents, anti-migraine agents, anti-coagulant agents, anti-emetic agents, anti-hypertensive agents, cardiovascular disorder agents, vasodilator agents, anti-infective agents, anti-neoplastic agents and immunomodulating agents, chemotherapeutics, anti-parasitic agents, chelating agents, anti-diuretic agents, anti-venoms and anti-serums, insecticides and repellents.
 13. The rigid fluid reservoir of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprising the small molecule or biopharmaceutical is administered via subcutaneous and/or intradermal and/or intramuscular injection.
 14. A fluid dispensing device is provided for dispensing a measured amount of fluid into a living organism, wherein the device has a main housing enclosing the operative components of the device, a rigid fluid reservoir according to claim 1, located within the main housing, an injection assembly including a needle, and a trigger mechanism; the needle having a first end and a second end, the needle being adapted for interfacing, on the first end, with a septum and a septum stop disposed in a reservoir, and at a second end thereof, for subcutaneously inserting into a living organism, the needle being guided by a guide to permit an injection into the living organism at a substantially non-orthogonal angle with respect to a surface of the living organism, the first and second ends of the needle piercing their respective piercing surface while translating together in a common direction, wherein further, once the septum is pierced, the needle is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and wherein, further translation of the septum, which acts as a piston, expels the fluid through the needle, and wherein, when the needle lodges into a second piston-like septum, a barb ensures that the needle, upon retraction, remains lodged in the second septum as the septum stop, the septum and the needle then translate together to an opposite end of the reservoir as the needle retracts from the skin.
 15. The fluid dispensing device of claim 14, wherein the trigger mechanism triggers the injection assembly to release the needle to inject fluid into the living organism.
 16. The fluid dispensing device of claim 14, wherein the fluid dispensing device is retained against the skin of the living organism by a retainer selected from the group of retainers consisting of the user's hand, an elastic band, an adhesive, and an adhesive pad and may be manually, automatically or remotely actuated to inject a fluid into the living organism.
 17. The fluid dispensing device of claim 14, wherein the fluid is a fluid selected from a group of fluids consisting of peptides, proteins, hormones including insulin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene regulating protein, atrial natriuretic protein, colony stimulating factor, betaseron, erythropoietin (EPO), interferons such as .alpha., .beta. or .gamma. interferon, somatropin, somatotropin, somastostatin, insulin-like growth factor (somatomedins), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, estradiol, growth hormones, leuprolide acetate, factor VIII, interleukins such as interleukin-2, and analogues or antagonists thereof, such as IL-1ra; analgesics such as fentanyl, sufentanil, butorphanol, buprenorphine, levorphanol, morphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, methadone, lidocaine, bupivacaine, diclofenac, naproxen, paverin, and analogues thereof; anti-migraine agents such as sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids, and analogues thereof; anti-coagulant agents such as heparin, hirudin, and analogues thereof; anti-emetic agents such as scopolamine, ondansetron, domperidone, metoclopramide, and analogues thereof; cardiovacular agents, anti-hypertensive agents and vasodilators such as diltiazem, clonidine, nifedipine, verapamil, isosorbide-5-monotritate, organic nitrates, agents used in treatment of heart disorders, and analogues thereof; sedatives such as benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, and analogues thereof; chelating agents such as defroxanune, and analogues thereof; anti-diuretic agents such as desmopressin, vasopressin, and analogues thereof; anti-anginal agents such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; anti-neoplastics such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; prostaglandins and analogues thereof; and chemotherapy agents such as vincristine, and analogues thereof, treatments for attention deficit disorder, methylphenidate, fluvoxamine, bisoprolol, tacrolimus, sacrolimus and cyclosporin, vitamins suspended in a liquid carrier, antivenoms, syrums, medications, antibodies, Actemra (tocilizumab), Adcretris (brentuximab vedotin), Arzerra (ofatumumab), Avastin (bevacizumab), Benlysta (belimumab), Cimzia (certolizumab pegol), Erbitux (cetuximab), Herceptin (trastuzumab), Humira (adalimumab), Ilaris (canakinumab), Lucentis (ranibizumab), Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), Perjeta (pertuzumab), Prolia (denosumab), Remicade (infliximab), Simponi (golimumab), Soliris (eculizumab), Stelara (ustekinumab), Tysabri (natalizumab), Vectibix (panitumumab), Xgeva (denosumab), Xolair (omalizumab), Yervoy (ipilimumab), and Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan).
 18. The fluid dispensing device of claim 14, wherein the device is adapted for dispensing a fluid selected from one of a group of fluids comprising active ingredients, including small-molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals that are used to treat organ systems including without limitation alimentary tract, the digestive system and metabolism, the blood and blood forming organs, the cardiovascular system, the dermatological system, lymphatic & immune system, renal and genito-urinary system, reproductive system, musculo-skeletal system, endocrine and/or exocrine system, nervous system, respiratory system, and sensory organs.
 19. The fluid dispensing device of claim 18, wherein the small-molecule drugs or biopharmaceuticals are selected from one of a group of drugs or biopharmaceuticals consisting of emergency medications including but not limited to anaphylaxis, cardiac arrhythmia and ischaemic emergencies, respiratory emergencies, CNS emergencies, poisoning and chemical toxicity emergencies, peptides, proteins, hormones, sex hormones, systemic hormonal preparations, recombinant agents, antibodies, vaccines, analgesic agents, sedative agents, anaesthetics, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents NSAIDS, prostaglandins, anti-allergy agents, anti-cholinergic agents, anti-migraine agents, anti-coagulant agents, anti-emetic agents, anti-hypertensive agents, cardiovascular disorder agents, vasodilator agents, anti-infective agents, anti-neoplastic agents and immunomodulating agents, chemotherapeutics, anti-parasitic agents, chelating agents, anti-diuretic agents, anti-venoms and anti-serums, insecticides and repellents.
 20. The fluid dispensing device of claim 14, wherein the fluid comprising the small molecule or biopharmaceutical is administered via subcutaneous and/or intradermal and/or intramuscular injection.
 21. A fluid dispenser comprising a reservoir with a displaceable septum and a needle, wherein the needle has a first end adapted to piercing the septum and pushing the septum into the reservoir so that the septum acts as a piston, expelling the fluid through the needle, and a second end adapted to injecting the fluid into a living organism.
 22. The fluid dispenser of claim 21, wherein the needle is guided by a guide to permit an injection into the living organism at a substantially non-orthogonal angle with respect to a surface of the living organism, the first and second ends of the needle piercing their respective piercing surface while translating together in a common direction, wherein further, once the septum is pierced, the needle is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and wherein, further translation of the septum, which acts as a piston, expels the fluid through the needle.
 23. The fluid dispenser of claim 22, wherein after expulsion of the fluid through the needle, the needle lodges into a second piston-like septum, a barb ensures that the needle, upon retraction, remains lodged in the second septum as the septum stop, the septum and the needle then translate together to an opposite end of the reservoir as the needle retracts from the skin.
 24. The fluid dispenser of claim 22, wherein a trigger mechanism triggers the injection assembly to release the needle to inject fluid into the living organism.
 25. The fluid dispenser of claim 22, wherein the fluid dispenser is retained against the skin of the living organism by a retainer wherein the device may be manually, automatically or remotely actuated to inject a fluid into the living organism.
 26. The fluid dispenser of claim 22, wherein the fluid is a fluid selected from a group of fluids consisting of peptides, proteins, hormones including insulin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene regulating protein, atrial natriuretic protein, colony stimulating factor, betaseron, erythropoietin (EPO), interferons such as .alpha., .beta. or .gamma. interferon, somatropin, somatotropin, somastostatin, insulin-like growth factor (somatomedins), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, estradiol, growth hormones, leuprolide acetate, factor VIII, interleukins such as interleukin-2, and analogues or antagonists thereof, such as IL-1ra; analgesics such as fentanyl, sufentanil, butorphanol, buprenorphine, levorphanol, morphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, methadone, lidocaine, bupivacaine, diclofenac, naproxen, paverin, and analogues thereof; anti-migraine agents such as sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids, and analogues thereof; anti-coagulant agents such as heparin, hirudin, and analogues thereof; anti-emetic agents such as scopolamine, ondansetron, domperidone, metoclopramide, and analogues thereof; cardiovacular agents, anti-hypertensive agents and vasodilators such as diltiazem, clonidine, nifedipine, verapamil, isosorbide-5-monotritate, organic nitrates, agents used in treatment of heart disorders, and analogues thereof; sedatives such as benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, and analogues thereof; chelating agents such as defroxanune, and analogues thereof; anti-diuretic agents such as desmopressin, vasopressin, and analogues thereof; anti-anginal agents such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; anti-neoplastics such as fluorouracil, bleomycin, and analogues thereof; prostaglandins and analogues thereof; and chemotherapy agents such as vincristine, and analogues thereof, treatments for attention deficit disorder, methylphenidate, fluvoxamine, bisoprolol, tacrolimus, sacrolimus and cyclosporin, vitamins suspended in a liquid carrier, antivenoms, syrums, medications, antibodies, Actemra (tocilizumab), Adcretris (brentuximab vedotin), Arzerra (ofatumumab), Avastin (bevacizumab), Benlysta (belimumab), Cimzia (certolizumab pegol), Erbitux (cetuximab), Herceptin (trastuzumab), Humira (adalimumab), Ilaris (canakinumab), Lucentis (ranibizumab), Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), Perjeta (pertuzumab), Prolia (denosumab), Remicade (infliximab), Simponi (golimumab), Soliris (eculizumab), Stelara (ustekinumab), Tysabri (natalizumab), Vectibix (panitumumab), Xgeva (denosumab), Xolair (omalizumab), Yervoy (ipilimumab), and Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan).
 27. The fluid dispenser of claim 11, wherein the fluid comprising the small molecule or biopharmaceutical is administered via subcutaneous and/or intradermal and/or intramuscular injection.
 28. The fluid dispenser of claim 18, wherein the fluid comprising the small molecule or biopharmaceutical is administered via subcutaneous and/or intradermal and/or intramuscular injection.
 29. The fluid dispenser of claim 22, wherein the dispenser is adapted for dispensing a fluid selected from one of a group of fluids comprising active ingredients, including small-molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals that are used to treat organ systems including without limitation alimentary tract, the digestive system and metabolism, the blood and blood forming organs, the cardiovascular system, the dermatological system, lymphatic & immune system, renal and genito-urinary system, reproductive system, musculo-skeletal system, endocrine and/or exocrine system, nervous system, respiratory system, and sensory organs.
 30. The fluid dispenser of claim 29, wherein the small-molecule drugs or biopharmaceuticals are selected from one of a group of drugs or biopharmaceuticals consisting of emergency medications including but not limited to anaphylaxis, cardiac arrhythmia and ischaemic emergencies, respiratory emergencies, CNS emergencies, poisoning and chemical toxicity emergencies, peptides, proteins, hormones, sex hormones, systemic hormonal preparations, recombinant agents, antibodies, vaccines, analgesic agents, sedative agents, anaesthetics, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents NSAIDS, prostaglandins, anti-allergy agents, anti-cholinergic agents, anti-migraine agents, anti-coagulant agents, anti-emetic agents, anti-hypertensive agents, cardiovascular disorder agents, vasodilator agents, anti-infective agents, anti-neoplastic agents and immunomodulating agents, chemotherapeutics, anti-parasitic agents, chelating agents, anti-diuretic agents, anti-venoms and anti-serums, insecticides and repellents. 